\u96fb\u5b50\u5de5\u7a0b\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u53ea\u6709\u300c\u8b8a\u5316\u300d\u662f\u6c38\u6046\u4e0d\u8b8a\u7684\u9818\u57df\uff0c\u6280\u8853\u672c\u8eab\u4ee5\u4ee4\u4eba\u773c\u82b1\u64a9\u4e82\u7684\u6b65\u4f10\u6f14\u9032\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u6211\u6700\u8fd1\u8b80\u4e86\u4e00\u672c\u4ecb\u7d39\u7f8e\u570b\u99ac\u91cc\u862d\u5dde\u91cd\u8981\u652f\u6d41\u5e15\u5854\u666e\u65af\u79d1\u6cb3(Patapsco River)\u6b77\u53f2\u7684\u66f8\uff0c\u5c0d\u4eba\u985e\u6b77\u53f2\u7684\u7de9\u6162\u9032\u5c55\u611f\u5230\u5341\u5206\u9a5a\u8a1d\u2500\u2500\u56e0\u70ba17\u4e16\u7d00\u7684\u8fb2\u4eba\u751f\u6d3b\u611f\u89ba\u8ddf\u5e7e\u5343\u5e74\u524d\u7684\u8fb2\u8015\u8005\u597d\u50cf\u4e5f\u6c92\u4ec0\u9ebc\u4e0d\u540c\uff1b\u5c0d\u6b77\u53f2\u4e0a\u5927\u591a\u6578\u7684\u4eba\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u65e5\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b\u8207\u66fe\u66fe\u7956\u7236\u6bcd\u5176\u5be6\u662f\u5927\u540c\u5c0f\u7570\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u76f4\u5230\u73fe\u5728\u3002\u767c\u751f\u572818\u4e16\u7d00\u4e2d\u8449\u7684\u5de5\u696d\u9769\u547d\uff0c\u628a\u4eba\u5011\u5f9e\u8fb2\u5730\u79fb\u5f80\u5de5\u5ee0\uff0c\u4e26\u5275\u9020\u4e86\u5404\u5f0f\u5404\u6a23\u7684\u6d88\u8cbb\u6027\u7522\u54c1\uff1b\u4f46\u5927\u591a\u6578\u7684\u4eba\u5011\u4ecd\u7136\u5f88\u8ca7\u7aae\u3002\u6211\u8a18\u5f97\u5728\u54ea\u672c\u66f8\u4e0a\u770b\u904e\uff0c1810\u5e74\u5168\u7403\u670994%\u7684\u4eba\u53e3\u8655\u65bc\u76f8\u7576\u8ca7\u56f0\u7684\u72c0\u614b\uff0c\u8a72\u6bd4\u4f8b\u5728\u4eca\u65e5\u53ea\u670910%\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u6211\u5df2\u6545\u7684\u7956\u6bcd\u662f1898\u5e74\u751f\u7684\uff0c\u5979\u5728\u7f8e\u570b\u7d10\u7d04\u66fc\u54c8\u9813(Manhattan)\u9577\u5927\uff1b\u6211\u66fe\u7d93\u554f\u5979\u90a3\u6642\u5019\u5979\u5bb6\u6709\u6c92\u6709\u96fb\u8a71\uff0c\u5979\u7684\u56de\u7b54\u662f\u5979\u53ea\u77e5\u9053\u6709\u67d0\u500b\u4f4f\u5728\u66fc\u54c8\u9813\u5cf6\u90a3\u4e00\u982d\u7684\u4eba\u5bb6\u88e1\u6709\u96fb\u8a71\u3002\u800c\u6211\u8a18\u5f97\u57281950\u300160\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u9577\u9014\u96fb\u8a71\u662f\u9023\u7d61\u6211\u7238\u751f\u610f\u4e0a\u7684\u7dca\u6025\u72c0\u6cc1\uff0c\u6216\u662f\u901a\u77e5\u89aa\u53cb\u8a03\u544a\u3002\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\uff0c\u90a3\u6642\u5019\u5728\u7f8e\u570b\u662f\u4e0d\u5141\u8a31\u79c1\u4eba\u64c1\u6709\u96fb\u8a71\u7684\uff0c\u662fAT&T; (\u7de8\u6309\uff1a\u7f8e\u570b\u7b2c\u4e00\u5bb6\u96fb\u4fe1\u696d\u8005\uff0c\u88ab\u7a31\u70ba\u201cMa Bell\u201d)\u5c07\u96fb\u8a71\u79df\u7d66\u6d88\u8cbb\u8005\uff0c\u800c\u73fe\u5728\u5e7e\u4e4e\u6bcf\u500b\u4eba\u5929\u5929\u90fd\u8ddf\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u624b\u6a5f\u5f62\u5f71\u4e0d\u96e2\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u5728\u6211\u5bb6\uff0c\u7d93\u6b77\u4e86\u4e09\u4ee3\u4eba\uff0c\u79d1\u6280\u5f9e\u9059\u4e0d\u53ef\u53ca\u6210\u70ba\u65e5\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff1b\u5225\u8aaa\u4eca\u65e5\u7684\u96fb\u5b50\u88dd\u7f6e\u82071910\u30011950\u751a\u81f3\u662f1980\u5e74\u4ee3\u7684\u88dd\u7f6e\u6839\u672c\u4e0d\u53ef\u540c\u65e5\u800c\u8a9e\uff0c\u5149\u662f\u90a3\u4e9b\u4ee5\u96fb\u6c60\u9a45\u52d5\u7684\u53ef\u651c\u5f0f\u96fb\u8166\uff0c\u5728\u5e7e\u5e74\u524d\u53ef\u80fd\u5c31\u662f\u5f88\u591a\u4eba\u4e0d\u66fe\u60f3\u50cf\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u57281930\u5e74\u4ee3\u6211\u9084\u662f\u500b\u5b69\u5b50\u7684\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u63a5\u89f8\u5230\u7684\u79d1\u6280\u7522\u54c1\u662f\u6211\u7238\u81ea\u5df1\u505a\u7684\u771f\u7a7a\u7ba1Heathkit\u6536\u97f3\u6a5f\u8207\u653e\u5927\u5668\uff0c\u662f\u6211\u5011\u5bb6\u5f88\u591a\u5e74\u4f86\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u97f3\u6a02\u4f86\u6e90\uff1b\u6211\u5011\u57281960\u5e74\u90a3\u6642\u6709\u4e86\u4e00\u53f0\u96fb\u8996\u6a5f\uff0c\u662f\u9ed1\u767d\u7684\uff0c\u9084\u5e38\u5e38\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u76f4\u8abf\u6574\u6c34\u5e73\/\u5782\u76f4\u540c\u6b65\u63a7\u5236\u9215\u624d\u80fd\u986f\u793a\u756b\u9762\u3002\u5370\u8c61\u4e2d\u6211\u5011\u6709\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u53f0\u96fb\u6676\u9ad4\u88dd\u7f6e\uff0c\u662f1960\u5e74\u4ee3\u4e2d\u671f\u6211\u81ea\u5df1\u505a\u7684Heathkit\u5c0d\u8b1b\u6a5f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u6211\u6210\u70ba\u5de5\u7a0b\u5e2b\u7684\u524d\u4e00\u5e74\uff0c\u82f1\u7279\u723e(Intel)\u767c\u8868\u9996\u9846\u6210\u529f\u5546\u7528\u7684\u5fae\u8655\u7406\u5668\uff1b\u90a3\u6b3e\u9769\u547d\u6027\u76848008\u8655\u7406\u5668\u5143\u4ef6\uff0c\u5f9e\u5f88\u591a\u9762\u5411\u5275\u9020\u4e86\u6574\u500b\u5d4c\u5165\u5f0f\u7cfb\u7d71\u7522\u696d\u30028008\u6676\u7247\u9084\u9700\u8981\u8a31\u591a\u5176\u4ed6\u96fb\u5b50\u5143\u4ef6\u7684\u642d\u914d\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u57f7\u884c\u6709\u7528\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\uff1b\u8981\u6709\u4e00\u7247\u4f48\u6eff\u908f\u8f2f\u5143\u4ef6\u7684\u96fb\u8def\u677f\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u8b93\u5b83\u64c1\u6709\u57f7\u884c\u8edf\u9ad4\u7684\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u9084\u9700\u8981\u53e6\u4e00\u7247\u4f48\u6eff\u6676\u7247\u7684\u677f\u5b50\u7576\u4f5cRAM (\u901a\u5e38\u662f4KB)\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u984d\u5916\u7684EPROM\u4f86\u5132\u5b58\u7a0b\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u90a3\u6642\u7684EPROM\u662f1702\uff0c\u662f\u6709\u4e00\u6247\u77f3\u82f1\u5c0f\u7a97\u7684256byte (\u4e0d\u8981\u61f7\u7591\uff0c\u6c92\u5beb\u932f) ROM (\u5982\u4e0b\u5716)\uff1b\u5c07\u8a72\u6676\u7247\u66b4\u9732\u65bc\u7d2b\u5916\u5149\u4e0b15\u5206\u9418\uff0c\u5c31\u80fd\u6e05\u9664\u5167\u90e8\u5132\u5b58\u9032\u884c\u91cd\u65b0\u7de8\u7a0b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u6211\u5011\u6709\u4e00\u6b3e\u65e9\u671f\u76848008\u7522\u54c1\u9700\u89814KB\u7684\u7a0b\u5f0f\u5132\u5b58\u7a7a\u9593(\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8aaa\u898116\u9846EPROM\u6676\u7247\uff01)\uff0c\u8a72\u5143\u4ef6\u652f\u63f4\u6d6e\u9ede\u7dda\u6027\u56de\u6b78(floating-point linear regression)\uff0c\u4e26\u4ee5\u5e7e\u5341\u5fae\u79d2(microsecond)\u7684\u901f\u7387\u5373\u6642\u64f7\u53d6\u8cc7\u6599\u3002\u4ee5\u73fe\u5728\u7684\u5e63\u503c\u4f86\u7b97\uff0c\u4e00\u98468088 (\u53ea\u6709\u6676\u7247\u672c\u8eab)\u5c31\u8981\u50f9\u7d04650\u7f8e\u5143\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u73fe\u5728\uff0c\u56db\u5341\u591a\u5e74\u904e\u53bb\u4e86\uff0c\u8edf\u9ad4\u7a0b\u5f0f\u5927\u5c0f\u901a\u5e38\u662fMB (megabyte)\u7b49\u7d1a\uff0c\u55ae\u4e00\u9846\u5fae\u63a7\u5236\u5668\u6676\u7247\u5167\u5c31\u53ef\u63d0\u4f9b\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u904b\u7b97\u3001\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\u7b49\u6240\u6709\u5fc5\u5099\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5c3a\u5bf8\u5c0f\u5de7\u3002\u57281970\u5e74\u4ee3\u521d\u671f\uff0c5MB\u7684\u786c\u789f\u6a5f\u4e00\u500b\u5c31\u89815,000\u7f8e\u5143(\u642d\u914d\u4e00\u500b\u62bd\u53d6\u5f0f14\u540b\u6258\u76e4)\uff0c\u800c\u73fe\u5728\u5247\u662f50\u7f8e\u5143\u5c31\u80fd\u8cb7\u5230TB (terabyte)\u5bb9\u91cf\u7684\u786c\u789f\u6a5f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u79d1\u6280\u9818\u57df\u7684\u6539\u8b8a\u6709\u591a\u9ebc\u5927\uff01\u4f46\u662f\u5f88\u591a\u5176\u4ed6\u5c08\u696d\u9818\u57df\u4e26\u975e\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u6709\u500b\u5144\u5f1f\u662f\u73e0\u5bf6\u6279\u767c\u5546\uff0c\u4ed6\u8aaa\u4ed6\u7684\u751f\u610f\u8ddf\u56db\u5341\u5e74\u524d\u6bd4\u8d77\u4f86\u5e7e\u4e4e\u6c92\u4ec0\u9ebc\u8b8a\u5316\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u5be6\u9ad4\u73e0\u5bf6\u5546\u5e97\u7684\u6578\u91cf\u56e0\u70ba\u7dda\u4e0a\u8cfc\u7269\u800c\u6e1b\u5c11\uff1b\u6211\u9084\u6709\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u5144\u5f1f\u662f\u54f2\u5b78\u5bb6\uff0c\u5247\u662f\u5229\u7528\u73fe\u4ee3\u5316\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u4f86\u95e1\u8ff0\u53e4\u8001\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u96fb\u5b50\u5de5\u7a0b\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u53ea\u6709\u300c\u8b8a\u5316\u300d\u662f\u6c38\u6046\u4e0d\u8b8a\u7684\u9818\u57df\uff0c\u6709\u4e9b\u4eba\u8072\u7a31\u9019\u500b\u9818\u57df\u6bcf\u5169\u5e74\u6703\u91cd\u65b0\u6539\u9020\u4e00\u6b21\uff0c\u4f46\u9019\u662f\u500b\u53ea\u8003\u616e\u5230\u6211\u5011\u7684\u77e5\u8b58\u57fa\u790e\u6709\u591a\u5c11\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7dad\u6301\u4e0d\u8b8a\u7684\u611a\u8822\u60f3\u6cd5\u3002\u99ac\u514b\u58eb\u5a01\u5b9a\u5f8b(Maxwell\u2019s Laws)\u3001\u514b\u5e0c\u8377\u592b\u5b9a\u5f8b(Kirchhoff)\u3001\u7b1b\u6469\u6839\u5b9a\u5f8b(De Morgan)\u3001\u96fb\u6676\u9ad4\u7406\u8ad6\u2026\u7b49\u7b49\u8a31\u591a\u5c0d\u6211\u5011\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u4f86\u8aaa\u662f\u57fa\u790e\u7684\u79d1\u76ee\uff0c\u8ddf\u6211\u5011\u5728\u5927\u5b78\u88e1\u5b78\u7684\u5e7e\u4e4e\u76f8\u540c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u6280\u8853\u672c\u8eab\u662f\u4ee5\u4ee4\u4eba\u773c\u82b1\u64a9\u4e82\u7684\u6b65\u4f10\u5728\u6f14\u9032\uff0c\u50cf\u662f\u4e0a\u9762\u90a3\u5f35\u5716\u7247\u88e1\u7684\u5927\u578b\u4e3b\u6a5f\uff0c\u73fe\u5728\u5b8c\u5168\u53ef\u4ee5\u585e\u9032\u6bd4\u6307\u7532\u84cb\u9084\u5c0f\u7684\u6676\u7247\u88e1\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u50f9\u683c\u4e0d\u518d\u662f\u52d5\u8f12\u6578\u767e\u842c\u7f8e\u5143\uff0c\u4eca\u65e5\u9019\u4e9b\u6676\u7247\u7684\u50f9\u683c\u4fbf\u5b9c\u5230\u80fd\u62ff\u4f86\u7576\u505a\u514d\u8cbb\u8d08\u54c1\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u8981\u6307\u51fa\u6211\u5011\u7684\u6280\u8853\u6709\u54ea\u4e00\u4e9b\u662f\u5b8c\u5168\u6c92\u8b8a\u4e26\u4e0d\u5bb9\u6613\uff0c\u5c31\u7b97\u662f\u6700\u4e0d\u8d77\u773c\u7684\u96fb\u963b\uff0c\u73fe\u5728\u662f0302\u8584\u819c\u5143\u4ef6\uff1b\u8d85\u7d1a\u96fb\u5bb9\u5247\u80fd\u63d0\u4f9b\u597d\u5e7e\u6cd5\u62c9\u7684\u5927\u96fb\u5bb9\u91cf\u3002\u800c\u56db\u5c64PCB\u66fe\u7d93\u662f\u96e3\u4ee5\u60f3\u50cf\uff0c\u6709\u6578\u5341\u5c64\u7d50\u69cb\u7684\u96fb\u8def\u677f\u5728\u76ee\u524d\u4e26\u4e0d\u7f55\u898b\uff1b\u66f4\u5225\u8aaa\u57cb\u5b54(buried vias)\u2026\u8ab0\u5728\u56db\u5341\u5e74\u524d\u5922\u60f3\u904e\u9019\u7a2e\u7d50\u69cb\uff1f<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u5d4c\u5165\u5f0f\u8edf\u9ad4\u4e5f\u6709\u6539\u8b8a\uff1b\u57281970\u5e74\u4ee3\u662f\u7d44\u5408\u8a9e\u8a00\u7684\u5929\u4e0b\uff0cC\u8207C++\u8a9e\u8a00\u5247\u662f\u76ee\u524d\u7684\u4e3b\u6d41\uff1b\u6709\u4eba\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u8aaa\uff0cC\u8a9e\u8a00\u81ea1990\u5e74\u4ee3\u5d1b\u8d77\u4e4b\u5f8c\u5c31\u4e00\u76f4\u505c\u6eef\u4e0d\u524d\uff0c\u4e0d\u904e\u97cc\u9ad4\u751f\u614b\u7cfb\u7d71\u8207\u4e00\u5e74\u524d\u4e5f\u5927\u4e0d\u76f8\u540c\u3002\u4eca\u65e5\u4eba\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u5408\u7406\u7684\u5957\u4ef6\u50f9\u683c\u53d6\u5f97\u5982\u5716\u5f62\u5316\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u4ecb\u9762(GUI)\u3001\u6a94\u6848\u7cfb\u7d71\u2026\u7b49\u7b49\u597d\u7528\u7684\u8edf\u9ad4\u5143\u4ef6\uff1b\u6709\u975c\u614b\u5206\u6790\u5de5\u5177\u80fd\u81ea\u52d5\u7cfe\u932f\uff0c\u9084\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u5de5\u5177\u80fd\u7522\u751f\u55ae\u5143\u6e2c\u8a66\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u6211\u5011\u4ee5\u5f80\u5728\u958b\u767c\u7a0b\u5f0f\u3001\u4fee\u88dc\u4e8c\u9032\u4f4d\u78bc\u6642\u7fd2\u6163\u5229\u7528\u7d19\u78c1\u5e36(reassembling)\u4f86\u5927\u91cf\u5132\u5b58\u4ee5\u7bc0\u7701\u6642\u9593\uff0c\u73fe\u5728\u5247\u6709\u9177\u70ab\u7684\u6574\u5408\u958b\u767c\u74b0\u5883(IDE)\uff0c\u80fd\u4ee5\u5716\u5f62\u986f\u793a\u90a3\u4e9b\u4efb\u52d9\u5728\u4f55\u6642\u57f7\u884c\uff0c\u6216\u662f\u5f9e\u4e00\u500b\u4ee5\u6bcf\u79d2\u4e0a\u767e\u842c\u6307\u4ee4\u96c6\u901f\u5ea6\u57f7\u884c\u7684\u8655\u7406\u5668\u64f7\u53d6\u8ffd\u8e64\u8cc7\u6599\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
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(\u53c3\u8003\u539f\u6587\uff1a Reflections on a Career in Engineering\uff0cby Jack Ganssle\uff1b\u672c\u6587\u4f5c\u8005\u70ba\u8cc7\u6df1\u5d4c\u5165\u5f0f\u7cfb\u7d71\u5de5\u7a0b\u5e2b)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u7de8\u8b6f\uff1aJudith Cheng<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
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